Rhythm

Silence that equals the length of one 8th note.

Expression

Indications instructing the player to put special emphasis on notes.

Intervals

Sharps, flats and naturals that do not appear in a key signature.

Meter

Sometimes called upbeats or pickup notes; a note or series of notes that precede and give stress to the first downbeat of a piece.

Meter

Vertical lines on the staff that separate notated music into measures.

Intervals

Two notes played together, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of a 2nd of any quality.

Intervals

Two notes played together, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of a 3rd of any quality.

Intervals

Two notes played together, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of a 4th of any quality.

Intervals

Two notes played together, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of a 5th of any quality.

Intervals

Two notes played together, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of a 6th of any quality.

Chords

Chord tones played together that are not part of an accompaniment pattern.

Texture

A type of texture where the contour of the notes in one hand is the exact opposite to that of the other hand as they play simultaneously.

Expression

Indications instructing the player to play gradually louder (crescendo) or softer (diminuendo).

Chords

Four-note chords comprised of the root, minor 3rd, diminished 5th, and diminished 7th; typically have a dominant function.

Notation

A type of notation that uses two standard five-line staves combined together with a brace; usually indicating right hand and left hand notes.

Rhythm

Notes whose lengths are equal to one half the value of a whole note.

Texture

A type of texture where one hand plays a series of notes that are mimicked in the other hand.

Texture

A type of texture where one or both hands play more than one voice at a time with large intervals, many hand positions, and complex rhythms.

Notation

Additional lines added above or below the staff in order to place very high or very low notes that wouldn't normally fit on the staff.

Expression

A type of articulation indicating the player to play smoothly and seamlessly, with the notes slightly overlapped.

Intervals

Two notes played in succession, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of a 2nd of any quality.

Intervals

Two notes played in succession, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of a 3rd of any quality.

Intervals

Two notes played in succession, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of a 5th of any quality.

Intervals

Two notes played in succession, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of a 6th of any quality.

Intervals

Two notes played in succession, usually in one hand but sometimes in both, whose distance is the interval of an octave of any quality.

Intervals

A series of any amount or quality of blocked 3rd intervals that are played in one hand, and where both notes move up or down in parallel motion.

Texture

A type texture that occurs when the contour, distance, and speed of the notes in one hand matches that of the other hand as they play together.

Rhythm

Notes whose lengths are equal to one-fourth the value of a whole note.

Rhythm

Silence that equals the length of one quarter note.

Notation

A symbol indicating that a section should be repeated.

Meter

An Italian term meaning "delaying"; an indication instructing the player to decrease speed, often gradually.

Expression

Indications instructing the player to play with sudden emphasis.

Hand and Finger Techniques

A technique that requires the player to pick up and move their hand to a new position; usually from a five finger scale to another.

Scales

A key signature that contains only one sharp or flat: G Major, E minor, F Major, or D minor.

Meter

A time signature where the fundamental beat is subdivided into groupings of two.

Expression

A type of articulation indicating the player to play short and light; notes not held for their full value.

Meter

More than one tempo indication used in a single piece or movement.

Rhythm

Symbols indicating that two notes are to be played as one with the value equal to their sum.