Velislava Franta

Written On Crumpled Paper is an intensely emotional piece influenced by Minimalism.

Complicated, dense, and rich harmonies involving complex chords, chord substitutions, modal mixture, upper structures, among other techniques.

Advanced Harmonies

An accompaniment pattern where the hand regularly moves distances greater than an octave to play a series of blocked chords.

Blocked Chord Accompaniment With Leaps

A sign that tells the player to play gradually louder.

Crescendo

Four note chords comprised of the root, minor 3rd, diminished 5th, and diminished 7th; typically have a dominant function.

Diminished Seventh Chords

Ostinato

Additional lines added above or below the staff in order to place very high or very low notes that wouldn't normally fit on the staff.

Ledger Lines

Left Hand in Treble Clef

Chords with alternate ordering of their tones where the root is placed either in the middle or at the top of the chord.

Chord Inversions

Silence that equals the length of one 8th note.

8th Rests

Notes whose lengths are equal to one-eighth the value of a whole note or half the value of a quarter note.

8th Notes

Temporary displacement of established meter by the stressing of a weak beat.

Syncopation

Symbols indicating that two notes are to be played as one with the value equal to their sum.

Ties

Hand positions that require stretching beyond a five finger scale; usually to play intervals that are 6ths or greater.

Extended Hand Positions

More than one clef used in a staff in a single piece or movement.

Clef Changes

Symbols that indicate playing a note or range of notes one octave higher than notated.

Octave Higher

A technique that involves one hand crossing over or under the other.

Hand Crossing

A type of accompaniment pattern that primarily uses major and minor triads with simple or slow-moving rhythms.

Blocked Chord Accompaniment

Indications instructing the player to play with sudden emphasis.

Sforzando

An indication instructing the player to play very loudly; louder than forte.

Fortissimo

A sign that tells the player to play gradually softer.

Diminuendo

An indication instructing the player to play very softly; softer than piano.

Pianissimo

An indication instructing the player to play softly.

Piano

A simple melody line shared by both the right hand and the left hand.

Written On Crumpled Paper

Velislava Franta

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