Frederic Chopin

Symbols that indicate different measures to play during repeated sections.

1st and 2nd Endings

A series of any amount or quality of blocked 3rd intervals that are played in one hand and move up or down in primarily 8th note rhythms.

Notes whose lengths are equal to one-eighth the value of a whole note or half the value of a quarter note.

Sharps, flats and naturals that do not appear in a key signature.

Sometimes called upbeats or pickup notes; a note or series of notes that precede and give stress to the first downbeat of a piece.

Chord tones played together that are not part of an accompaniment pattern.

Chords with alternate ordering of their tones where the root is placed either in the middle or at the top of the chord.

The physical motion of crossing the thumb under fingers 2, 3, 4, or 5; used when playing scalar passages or outside of five finger scales.

Chords comprised of the root, major 3rd, perfect 5th, and minor 7th. Sometimes they are found in close position with only three notes.

8th notes whose lengths are increased by half; equal to three 16th notes.

Quarter notes whose lengths are increased by half; equal to three 8th notes.

Ornamentations that are notated in a smaller size than normal notes and played slightly before them.

Notes whose lengths are equal to one half the value of a whole note.

A type of texture where one or both hands play more than one voice at a time with large intervals, many hand positions, and complex rhythms.

A type of waltz accompaniment pattern that uses intermediate skills like shifting, extending, and multiple voices, but without octave leaps.

A type of texture where the left hand plays the melody and the right hand plays the accompaniment for an extended period of time.

Notes whose lengths are equal to one-fourth the value of a whole note.

Silence that equals the length of one quarter note.

Arpeggios played with predominantly 8th note rhythms.

A chord comprising at least three adjacent tones in a scale.