12 German Dances WoO 8

Ludwig van Beethoven

Notes whose lengths are equal to one-eighth the value of a whole note or half the value of a quarter note.

A type of accompaniment pattern that primarily uses major and minor triads with simple or slow-moving rhythms.

A type of accompaniment pattern that primarily uses broken chords in varying note configurations, with simple or slow-moving rhythms.

Chord tones played one note at a time that are not part of an accompaniment pattern.

The physical motion of crossing fingers 2, 3, 4, or 5 over the thumb; used when playing scalar passages or outside of five finger scales.

The physical motion of crossing the thumb under fingers 2, 3, 4, or 5; used when playing scalar passages or outside of five finger scales.

Ornamentations that are notated in a smaller size than normal notes and played slightly before them.

A type of articulation indicating the player to play smoothly and seamlessly, with the notes slightly overlapped.

A symbol indicating that a section should be repeated.

Indications instructing the player to play with sudden emphasis.

A type of articulation indicating the player to play short and light; notes not held for their full value.

Temporary displacement of established meter by the stressing of a weak beat.

A trembling effect that is achieved by playing rapidly repeating notes in succession. 

Two notes connected together smoothly where the second note is played softer and lighter.

Passages with constant step-wise motion and mainly 8th note rhythmic values.